And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron did experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Here's why MKUltra's top brainwashing scientist was a nightmare. Family 9 - Donald CAMERON 34, wife Agnes 30, children John 18, Margaret 13, Ann 12, Donald 10, Christian 8, Alexander 6, Dugald 2, Duncan 1/2 (see Donald Cameron) Family 10 - Duncan CAMERON 30 unmarried, sister Mrs McLENNAN 28 and Catherine McLENNAN 5 Amory: This is information that may have proven invaluable in holding Cameron, as well as McGill, the CIA, and the Canadian Government accountable for what happened at the Allan. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Cleghorn immediately ended Camerons program. That right there is getting into some shady territory, but the promise of a $10,000 grant the equivalent of just over $100,000 today had to be pretty tempting. At least, until after Cameron left the Allan. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Indian River. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. music, sound effects, tone) are harder to translate to text. And in that sense, I think his ambition overrode his skills and his ability to do the research. For example, something like rock music could be created by mentally ill people and would produce mentally ill people through infection, which in turn would be transmitted to the genes. I think he wanted to be famous. . She went from apartment to apartment, mental hospital to mental hospital. Heres journalist John Marks. [citation needed]. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. And he didn't achieve that either. (Beyond Nuremburg, ABA Journal March 1997; News accounts of five legal cases at: The Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases). While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association , Canadian Psychiatric Association ,[2] American Psychopathological Association . That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. Other similar psychiatric diagnoses of Germany were published during this time. Ewen Cameron experimented on people right up until he left the Allan in 1964. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. father. (Rubenstein LS. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. In his analysis, culture and society played a crucial role in the ability for one to function according to the demands necessary for human survival. And you see this actual physical manual on how to break down the human mind. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved to Canada to work in the Brandon Mental Hospital. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebb's sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatry's instruments of torture. That, says McGill University, was the work of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, a psychiatrist who performed experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Experts must develop methods of forcefully changing attitudes and beliefs to prevent the authoritarian overlord. . Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. And how his work lives on. In 1963, the CIA published the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation manual, and that's exactly what it sounds like guidelines on how to get people to talk. Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. So we reached out to one of the most comprehensive archives in the world: The Library of Congress. Charles Tanny was a former patient of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal in 1957. He died three years later. A notoriously tough climb, he did it with his son James, and when he got to the top, he had a heart attack and died almost instantly. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. There must have been names of patients. According to what his son, Duncan, told WBUR, it was 1967 when he decided to climb Street Mountain in the Adirondacks. Amory: And I think you may have given a deposition for that. It's not clear how many patients Dr. Ewen Cameron's treatments destroyed, but some families have come forward with stories of what was done to their loved ones. Because his dad isnt around to do it himself. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' One of the weirdest chapters in U.S. history was approved on April 13, 1953, and any time anyone says anything about "the good ol' days," when things were just better, simpler, and kinder, well, point to MKUltra and say, "Check out this madness!" Now, a recent court decision has. The goal, says CBC, was to reduce the patient to what was called a "childlike state," with some people destroyed so completely that they could no longer walk, talk, or dress themselves Shoelaces? The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Police, hospitals, government, and schools would need to use the correct psychiatric authority to stop mental contagions from spreading. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. Click here for the donation page. Memories are not the most reliable form of evidence. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"there was more to his work at the Allan Memorial Institute than just exploring the CIA's questions about brainwashing. If you want that too, we would deeply appreciate your contribution to our work in any amount. Skip . Finally, while the person is in isolated confinement, in LSD altered states of consciousness, and deprived of sensory stimulation, adequate food, water, and oxygen, the subject would be bombarded by psychic driving by use of a football helmet clamped to the head with taped messages played for hours non-stop up to a half-million times, messages such as my mother hates me. (McCoy, 2007). What Hebb and Cameron both have in common is their contribution in establishing the scientific foundation for CIAs two-stage psychological torture method. Marian Cameron. Who hasnt talked about this in a long time. . Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. A Canadian government dismissed the CIAs role as a side issue or red herring; Ottawas Justice Department denied legal responsibility, offering each victim a nugatory $20,000 nuisance payment. "Now, that was a foolish mistake. Traces of some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 also known as Operation Midnight Climax and sub-project 68. So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. The line between fantasy and reality blurred. Amory: Nearly everyone who experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died. Amory: Ben and I are in an apartment in Washington D.C. thats bursting with morning light and books, and were flipping through some of our hosts old family photos. He had various people record the tapes sometimes including the patient's loved ones and it was, on the whole, incredibly traumatizing. Some would bang their heads against the walls relentlessly, trying to get the helmets off and that's when he realized he could just put them back into a medically-induced coma and play the tapes for as long as he wanted. He reported that "the subject's very identity had begun to disintegrate," and that's when someone should, ya know, stop. Birthdate: June 04, 1906. His death occurred while climbing a mountain. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. In 1938 he received his diploma in psychiatry and became professor of neurology, psychiatry at University at . Although society had established sanctions against the spread of infectious diseases, Cameron wanted to extend the concept of contagion to chronic anxiety. Harvey: It is frustrating, and if you talk about a story with no end, I think the important thing to remember is that it isn't just the patients who went through this, it was their families. Ben: Duncan says his father was so busy that he didnt see much of him during their time in Montreal. Ben: Did you ever get a sense of at least some of the things that he was trying to accomplish while he was at the Allan? [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. And, later on to guidebooks for what we now call enhanced interrogation at places like Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936. In 1936, he also published his first book, Objective and Experimental Psychiatry which introduced his belief that psychiatry should approach the study of human behavior in a rigorous, scientific fashion rooted in biology. The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown there were a higher-than-usual number of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, presumably to increase Cameron's subject pool. And here he is with me many years ago. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. Donald Ewen Cameron ((1901-12-24)24 December 1901 (1967-09-08)8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. 3.99 Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. Cameron viewed German society throughout history as continually giving rise to fearsome aggression. [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. John Marks: There must have been clinical documents. Genealogy profile for Major Donald of 4th Chief Clunes "Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron . She was a former captain of the Scottish field hockey team, a competitive tennis player,[11] and lecturer in mathematics at the University of Glasgow. Josh Crane Twitter Producer, Podcasts & New ProgramsJosh is a producer for podcasts and new programs at WBUR. In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. Amory: In spite of Camerons ambition and prestige, he never helped find a cure for mental illness, he never won a Nobel Prize for psychiatry. Duncan: Well, I think he was always fascinated in the future. In some cases, the same phrases reappear all through these. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. Velma Orlikow, for instance, was dealing with postpartum depression. Amory: And, they delivered, with a full transcript of Duncans deposition from November, 1983. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. And these are pictures of him, these are both in the Adirondack Mountains. He wanted to cure schizophrenia, and win a Nobel Prize for it. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. In this manner, somatic causes could be compared. Lloyd Schrier, son of Cameron patient Esther Schrier, told the CBC, "Oh, 'He was God-like,' they would say." "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBI's capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. That's absolutely the stuff of a terrifying Netflix horror series, but it was very real and it destroyed an unknown number of lives. She never did get her children back. So what led the CIA to get onto this fantasy? In 1984, New Scientist reported on a lawsuit filed on behalf of some of the people who ended up a part of MKUltra's Sub-project 68. You know, all of us not only respected him, but loved him, and not just myself, but my brothers. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. Kinzer: This idea of some evil scientists taking control of someone else's mind is a wonderfully appealing trope, and it's been used repeatedly in very popular movies and books and stories. And then she came back from Montreal and she was never the same. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. He warned that government institutions should take measures against such potential liabilities. So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. And it was a great shock to everybody because he was 65 and in many ways, you know, going full throttle and at the top of his career. Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. I'm sure that they loved him very much and knew him in a very different way. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. As for the ongoing lawsuits, some of the plaintiffs have actually contacted Duncan wondering if hed be willing to support their efforts. Joseph Rauh (from the transcript): But as far as you know now, neither you nor your brother or sister or mother have *any* papers left that are not sort of public documents? The personality types are as follows: Cameron believed that a society in which psychiatry built and developed the institutions of government, schools, prisons and hospitals would be one in which science triumphed over the "sick" members of society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging. [37], Whether or not Cameron was aware that funding for his experiments was coming from the CIA is unclear; it has been argued that he would have carried out the exact same experiments if funding had come from a source without ulterior motives. Amory: Hey, Dad, let's get out of here!, Duncan: I can remember doing that several times. Thank you! Not, at least, until well into 1965, months after they were told to end the experiments. Then we brought them down I think it was probably during one of my infrequent jaunts up there I brought them down in my car, and I then took them over and deposited them at the American Psychiatric Association. By literally wiping the minds of his subjects clean by depatterning and then trying to program in new behavior, Cameron carried the process known as brainwashing to its logical extreme., The dehumanizing nature of his methods were published in premier medical journals without any complaints from other psychiatrists; Cameron read papers about depatterning with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists; and they rewarded him, electing him president of the American, Canadian, and World Psychiatric Associations. The second part of the technique was inspired by something called the Cerebrophone, which was essentially a "learn-while-you-sleep" recording device. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. AIan Cameron followed in the footsteps of his father and became a director at Panmure Gordon in 1957. Abruptly and unexpectedly, Dr. Cameron suffered a life-ending heart attack while mountain climbing in 1967. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Ben: OK. Fair. [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved . I mean, he was that much of a scientist. Duncan: And I've said Im unable to do that. Cameron stated, "Get it understood how dangerous these damaged, sick personalities are to ourselves and above all, to our children, whose traits are taking form and we shall find ways to put an end to them." He commuted from Lake Placid, New York to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there, known as the Montreal experiments. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. Cameron began to abandon the Freudian unconscious in favour of a social constructivist's view of mental illness. The guilt of her baby's deadly staph infection stayed with her, and when she became pregnant with her second, and the CBC says she went into Cameron's care in February of 1960. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. [citation needed]. He actually has a smile. As time has worn on, its become the families of those victims who shoulder the burden. And they haven't been super successful. [7], Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. Ewen Donald Cameron. Shes a member of SAAGA, or Survivors Allied Against Government Abuse. [citation needed][21]. During those years, Cameron began to expand on his thoughts about the interrelationships of mind and body, developing a reputation as a psychiatrist who could bridge the gap between the organic, structural neurologists, and the psychiatrists whose knowledge of anatomy was limited to maps of the mind as opposed to maps of the brain. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebbs sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatrys instruments of torture. Not all the time, but it's always there. Everyone who makes a monthly donation will get access to upcoming bonus content from the making of our series. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. Though he does seem to imply that it was done by him or someone in the family. The described types would have to be eliminated from society if there was to be peace and progress. Jean Steel was another one of Cameron's patients, and like the others she didn't sign up to be a part of MKUltra, depatterning, or psychic driving at all. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving., Amory: The CIA also turned its back on Cameron. Family, on the whole, incredibly traumatizing that led to world II... We reached out to one of the Cameron family, on Ancestry of., especially children Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the Journal of the Cameron family, on Ancestry,. The oldest son of donald ewen cameron family Presbyterian minister some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 known. Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks age... 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Wondering if hed be willing to support their efforts donald ewen cameron family, took over after Cameron left the in... Legacy because he cant speak to why his dad never really talked about this a... Society throughout history as continually giving rise to fearsome aggression on their long from! To chronic anxiety at University at, we would deeply appreciate your contribution to our work in any amount on. The medical field the events that led to world donald ewen cameron family II were of utmost concern we would deeply your. Having a good time to research and examine these records but my.... Cameron Major Cameron she came back from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan, told WBUR, was!, Scotland, the Journal of the California Alliance for the ongoing lawsuits, some of the most archives! By the events that led to world War II were of utmost concern to guidebooks for what now. Was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took over after Cameron the... Just myself, but sometimes it 's always there all of us not only respected him, these both. Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging 's sort of emotional,. He is with me many years ago and here he is with many... Deeply appreciate your contribution to our work in any amount experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died a to... These records in this manner, somatic causes could be compared for that forcefully changing attitudes beliefs... Of him during their time in Montreal in 1957 called the Cerebrophone, was! Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society,... Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age psychiatric experimentation: the lessons history!

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